Composition and classification of abrasives for stone processing

Grinding tools are composed of abrasives, binders, fillers, pores, and additives.
Basic requirements for abrasives:
1. The hardness is higher than that of the processed material;
2. Has certain toughness, strength, and sharpness handling ability.
3. It should have a certain mechanical strength.
4. Maintain inherent hardness and strength (i.e. red hardness or thermal stability) at high temperatures.
Classification of abrasives:
Abrasives can be divided into two categories based on their sources: natural and artificial. They can also be classified into two categories based on their properties: ordinary abrasives and superhard abrasives.
Common natural abrasives:
1. Natural diamond: Diamond grinding tools have a series of advantages such as high efficiency, long service life, low cost, and good grinding quality.
2. Quartz sand: also known as silica sand, sand composed of over 95% quartz particles.
3. Pomegranate stone sand: used as a loose sand abrasive for sawing soft marble blocks.
4. Natural corundum: mainly composed of A1203. The Mohs hardness is 9, second only to diamond.
Commonly used artificial abrasives:
1. Brown corundum: suitable for grinding materials with high tensile strength and relatively cheap price.
2. White corundum: Its grinding ability is slightly higher than that of brown corundum (0.12 times that of diamond). Moderate precision grinding processing.
3. Chromium corundum: purple or rose colored, with slightly higher grinding ability than white corundum (0.13 for diamond), especially suitable for molding grinding. Widely used for precision grinding of alloy gears, cutting tools, threading tools, and instrument parts.
4. Silicon carbide, commonly known as diamond sand, has a wear resistance of 0.25-0.28 that of diamond, is brittle and sharp, and is a widely used abrasive.
5. Artificial diamond: Its wear resistance is similar to that of natural diamond, and it will gradually replace traditional ones in the stone industry.